In March and April 2021, as part of the Russo-Ukrainian War, Russian president Vladimir Putin ordered the Russian military to begin massing thousands of personnel and equipment near its border with Ukraine and in Crimea, representing the largest mobilization since the annexation of Crimea in 2014. This had precipitated an international crisis and generated concerns over a potential invasion. Satellite imagery showed movements of armour, missiles, and heavy weaponry. The troops were partially withdrawn by June 2021. The crisis was renewed in October 2021, when over 100,000 Russian troops were again massed around Ukraine on three sides by December. The ongoing crisis stems from the protracted Russo-Ukrainian War that began as an unrest in early 2014. In December 2021, Russia advanced two draft treaties that contained requests for what it referred to as “security guarantees”, including a legally binding promise that Ukraine would not join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) as well as a reduction in NATO troops and military hardware stationed in Eastern Europe, and threatened unspecified military response if those demands were not met in full. NATO has rejected these requests, and the United States warned Russia of “swift and severe” economic sanctions should it further invade Ukraine. The crisis has also centred around the ongoing war in Donbas and has been described by some commentators as one of the most intense in Europe since the Cold War. On 21 February 2022, Russia officially recognised the two breakaway regions in eastern Ukraine, the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Luhansk People’s Republic, as independent states, and deployed troops to Donbas, in a move interpreted as Russia’s effective withdrawal from the Minsk Protocol. The breakaway republics were recognised in the boundaries of their respective Ukrainian oblasts, which extend far beyond the line of contact. On 22 February, Putin said that the Minsk agreements were no longer valid. On the same day, the Federation Council unanimously authorised the use of military force in the territories. On the morning of 24 February, Putin announced that Russia was initiating a “special military operation” in the Donbas, and launched a full scale invasion into Ukraine. (Source: Wikipedia). Full HD.
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